How does a skunk spray differ when it can target a predator?

When a skunk is unable to see its pursuer, it emits its scent as an atomized cloud that the predator must run through. However, when the skunk can target a predator, it uses highly coordinated muscle control to emit the spray as a focused stream directed specifically at the predator’s face.1

This precision is made possible by two specialized anal glands, each equipped with a nipple that allows for accurate aiming. While the spray is accurate to about two meters, its total range is significantly farther. Before resorting to this defense mechanism, skunks typically perform various warning behaviors to encourage the threat to retreat, as the potent liquid—composed of sulfur compounds like thiols—takes about 10 days or more to replenish once depleted.12