How do webbed feet help procellariiform birds live at sea?

Procellariiform birds, which include albatrosses, shearwaters, and petrels, are characterized by having webbing between their front toes. While these birds are primarily adapted for long-distance, fixed-wing gliding and aerial flight, their webbed feet serve as essential tools for life at sea.1

In general, aquatic birds utilize webbed feet to propel themselves through the water, typically moving their feet alternately when swimming at the surface and in unison when submerged. For procellariiforms, these feet assist in surface swimming and maneuvering. Specifically, diving petrels—a group within the order—are known to use their wings for underwater propulsion, but they also utilize their webbed feet to aid in swimming and diving activities.23

Beyond locomotion, the feet of some procellariiform species are noted for their distinct coloration, such as yellow or pink, which contrasts with their otherwise black, white, or gray plumage.1