How do water scorpions breathe while submerged?

Water scorpions (family Nepidae) are aquatic insects that breathe while submerged by using a specialized respiratory structure located at the end of their abdomen. This "tail" consists of two long, thin, attached tubes that function as a breathing siphon.123

By positioning themselves just below the water's surface, water scorpions extend this siphon to break the surface film, which allows them to take in atmospheric air directly. This adaptation enables them to remain submerged while hiding among debris to ambush prey. Unlike some other aquatic insects that must surface periodically to replenish air storage chambers, water scorpions rely on this snorkel-like connection to the surface for their oxygen supply.124