How do sharks detect vibrations in the water?

Sharks detect vibrations in the water primarily through their lateral line system. This sensory network consists of a series of pores and canals located along the shark's head and body that contain mechanoreceptors known as neuromasts.12

These neuromasts function as distance touch receptors, allowing the shark to sense water displacement and pressure changes produced by sound waves or the movement of nearby objects. In addition to the lateral line, sharks possess pit organs distributed over their bodies that also respond to displacements caused by sound waves. These systems are highly sensitive; for instance, sharks can detect irregularly pulsed signals below 800 hertz, which enables them to orient themselves toward potential prey from considerable distances. By integrating these inputs, sharks can effectively track the movement of prey, predators, and stationary objects in their environment.132