How do mule deer escape predators on rugged terrain?

Mule deer escape predators on rugged terrain by utilizing a unique form of locomotion characterized by high, bounding jumps, where they land on all four legs simultaneously. While this movement is slower than a flat-out run, it allows them to navigate steep slopes rapidly and jump unpredictably over large obstacles, effectively leaving predators behind.1

By choosing to remain near steep, rugged landscapes, mule deer exploit terrain that is difficult for many predators to traverse. This strategy is a specific antipredator behavior that allows them to avoid areas frequented by species that rely on speed across flat, unobstructed ground. Additionally, their keen eyesight and large ears help them detect potential threats from a distance, allowing them to initiate these evasive maneuvers in a timely fashion.12