How do male goliath frogs prepare sites for egg laying?

In preparation for breeding, male goliath frogs (Conraua goliath) create water-filled egg deposition sites to ensure a suitable environment for their offspring. They prepare these sites using two primary methods:1

• Clearing debris: Males clear leaf litter and other obstructions from existing rock pools and river-scoured depressions.1
• Excavation: Males dig holes directly into gravel riverbanks.1

This process is physically demanding, as males may move rocks weighing up to half of their own body weight to construct or modify these sites. Researchers believe that the physical strength required for this reproductive behavior has been a factor in the evolution of the species' large size. Once the site is prepared and mating occurs, the female lays hundreds of eggs that adhere to the rocks or vegetation within the pool.1