How do male and female pigeons share incubation duties?

In most pigeon species, both members of the pair share incubation duties to ensure the eggs are rarely left uncovered. This cooperative behavior involves a regular shift change on or near the nest site.1

Typically, this division of labor follows a consistent schedule: the female generally incubates the eggs during the night, while the male takes over the incubation duties during the day. This shared responsibility continues throughout the incubation period, which lasts approximately 14 to 19 days.2