How do loaches make sounds?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

knifefish — ostariophysan Knifefish, or featherback (Xenomystus nigri)

Loaches produce sounds by expelling air from their swim bladder through the anus. This method of sound production is distinct from other ostariophysan fishes, such as minnows, which expel air through the mouth, or certain catfish species that utilize specialized muscular mechanisms or spine grating.1