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How do hatchling turtles break out of their eggs?

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Illustrations of ten representative chelonians, including spiny softshell turtle, Galapagos giant tortoise, green turtle, alligator snapping turtle, Blanding's turtle, common map turtle, eastern box turtle, eastern painted turtle, spotted turtle, and eastern mud turtle, each labeled with its common and scientific name. A scale bar at the bottom shows size comparison. — turtle Turtles (order Testudines).

To break out of their eggs, hatchling turtles utilize a small, pointed, keratinous bump located on the tip of their snout known as a caruncle.12

The hatchling pushes this structure against the inner surface of the eggshell to break it. Once the shell is breached, the turtle tears a larger opening and climbs out. This process is analogous to the egg tooth used by birds and some other reptiles to escape their shells. After exiting the egg, the hatchling typically pauses to uncurl its body before beginning the process of digging upward to emerge from the nest.123