How do flea spines and combs help them stay in fur and feathers?

Fleas are anatomically adapted to navigate and remain within the fur, hair, or feathers of their hosts. Their bodies are compressed, which allows them to move swiftly through these dense environments.1

To maintain their position and prevent being dislodged, fleas utilize backwardly projecting spines or combs. These structures function as anchors, catching against the host's hair or feathers to secure the insect in place.1