How do cone snails capture and poison their prey?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

Cone snails, which belong to the class of gastropods, capture their prey using a specialized "toxoglossate" radula.1

Unlike many other gastropods that use their radula for rasping or drilling, cone snails have evolved to use their radular teeth as harpoons. These snails possess only two teeth at a time, which are formed and used alternately. When hunting, the snail uses a radular tooth to strike its prey, acting like a harpoon to pierce the target. Through the hollow shaft of this tooth, the snail injects a potent poison to immobilize the prey.1

Prey selection among cone snails is highly specific, with different species targeting polychaete worms, other gastropods, or fish. Some large fish-eating cone snails produce a variety of powerful nerve poisons that are potent enough to be fatal to humans.1