How do aquatic megalopteran larvae breathe?

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Lacewing — neuropteran Adult green lacewing (*Chrysopa* species).

Aquatic megalopteran larvae, such as those of the dobsonfly and alderfly, breathe using lateral gill filaments located along their bodies. These structures allow them to extract oxygen from their aquatic environments.1

It is important to clarify that while some other aquatic insects, such as certain dipteran larvae or heteropterans, must surface to breathe or use specialized air-storage chambers, megalopteran larvae are specifically characterized by these lateral gill filaments.123