How did the rise of holosteans and teleosts affect chondrosteans during the Mesozoic Era?
During the Mesozoic Era, the rise of holosteans and teleosts led to a significant decline in chondrostean diversity and abundance.12
As these more advanced actinopterygians evolved, they demonstrated superior structural and functional efficiency compared to the primitive chondrosteans. Specifically, holosteans and teleosts possessed improved swimming maneuverability, more powerful biting mechanisms, and more efficient gill-ventilating and feeding apparatuses. The development of the homocercal tail in teleosts, in particular, provided a distinct functional advantage in swimming efficiency over the heterocercal tails characteristic of chondrosteans.12
Because of these evolutionary advancements, chondrosteans were largely replaced by modern teleosts. By the end of the Cretaceous Period, the group had been reduced to only a few surviving genera, such as sturgeons and paddlefishes, which persist today.21