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How can gulls and shorebirds create hazards for airplanes?

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Illustration of a crab plover (Dromas ardeola), showing a slender wading bird with long legs, a long pointed black bill, white head and underparts, and contrasting black wings and back. — Charadriiform Crab plover (Dromas ardeola)

Gulls and shorebirds can create hazards for aviation primarily by posing a risk of midair collisions with airplanes. These incidents, known as bird strikes, occur when birds and aircraft collide in flight, potentially resulting in significant damage to both commercial and military aircraft.12

Because these birds are often found near airports, they can interfere with flight paths during takeoff or landing. Such collisions are a serious safety concern, as they can lead to costly repairs and endanger the lives of passengers and crew.12